Starting with what you need it to do
Some people need to avoid pregnancy and nothing more. Others also want protection against sexually transmitted infections — and it is worth knowing that most contraceptive methods offer none. Some people want something reversible quickly; others want something they can forget about for years. Those are different answers.
Hormonal methods
Combined pills release estrogen and progestin to prevent ovulation, thicken cervical mucus so sperm cannot reach an egg, and thin the lining of the womb. Progestin-only pills work in a similar way without estrogen, which matters for some medical histories.
Injectable contraception is given every three months and often reduces or stops periods. The contraceptive implant is a single small rod placed under the skin of the upper arm under local anesthetic, releasing a low dose of hormone over several years.
Intrauterine devices
An IUD is a small device placed inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy, and it stays there for years. IUDs are suitable for women of all ages, including teenagers and women who have never had children. Dr. Gisi will explain what insertion involves, how it is arranged, what to expect afterwards and what to watch for.
Barrier and non-hormonal methods
Barrier methods physically or chemically stop sperm reaching an egg: male and female condoms, the diaphragm, the cervical cap, the sponge and spermicide. They are hormone-free and used at the time, which suits some people well and others not at all. Condoms are the method that also reduces the risk of sexually transmitted infection.
Planning a pregnancy, not preventing one
Family planning runs in both directions. If you are thinking about pregnancy in the next year, that is a good reason to book a visit — to review medications and supplements, check immunity and screening, and get any existing condition into good shape beforehand.
What to expect at your visit
- A discussion of your medical history, including anything that rules a method in or out
- The realistic effectiveness of each method, not just the ideal-use figures
- The risks, side effects and complications, stated plainly
- Clear instructions for whichever method you choose, and what to do if something goes wrong
- A follow-up plan, and a route back if the method does not suit you